CPE Quiz: Taking Women's Health to Heart: An Update on Women & Cardiometabolic Syndrome

Question 1

Women with all four “deadly quartet” risk factors (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia) are at significantly higher risk for heart disease than men with all these risk factors.

A. True
B. False

Question 2

According to NHLBI guidelines, which of the following should be the main focus of treatment in individuals over age 50?

A. High daytime blood pressure.
B. High diastolic hypertension.
C. Low nocturnal blood pressure.
D. High systolic hypertension.

Question 3

Studies on diabetes prevention and lifestyle show which of the following outcomes?

A. Diet alone is effective for preventing diabetes.
B. Metformin is more effective for preventing diabetes than diet.
C. One-on-one counseling that focuses on diet and exercise is more effective at preventing diabetes than pharmacotherapy.
D. Exercise is not required to prevent diabetes because diet can sufficiently reduce hyperinsulinemia and increase insulin sensitivity.

Question 4

Consuming 2 grams of plant sterols per day from fortified foods and beverages can lower LDL cholesterol by 10%.

A. True
B. False

Question 5

What is the significance of the skin hyperpigmentation, acanthosis nigricans?

A. It decreases the likelihood of cardiometabolic syndrome and signals adequate beta cell function.
B. It is primarily caused by hyperinsulinemia and is an outward sign of cardiometabolic syndrome risk.
C. It is a hygiene issue and should trigger a review of appropriate skin care.
D. It is a measure of inflammatory markers that suggest increased risk for diabetes.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true for individuals at risk for cardiometabolic syndrome?

A. Losing 5% - 10% of initial body weight can significantly improve metabolic parameters.
B. Achieving ideal body weight is the primary goal.
C. Exercise is more effective than caloric restriction for promoting weight loss.
D. During the active weight loss phase, HDL cholesterol will increase and can be used as a surrogate measure of dietary effectiveness.

Question 7

Which of the following are lifestyle modifications that may help reduce blood pressure?

A. Moderate alcohol consumption.
B. Physical activity.
C. Weight loss.
D. All of the above.

Question 8

Research has demonstrated an inverse relationship between magnesium intake and metabolic syndrome.

A. True
B. False

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true about lowering the glycemic index of a high-carbohydrate diet?

A. It reduces the risk of diabetes and is recommended by the American Dietetic Association’s Evidence Analysis Library as a weight control strategy.
B. It can reduce the workload of the beta cells and reduce non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
C. It increases risk for pancreatic cancer.
D. There is no benefit for this dietary approach.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about vitamin D is false?

A. Adequate blood levels of vitamin D can improve insulin sensitivity by 60%.
B. Vitamin D plays an essential role in beta cell functioning.
C. Obese people generally have better vitamin D status because D is a fat-soluble vitamin.
D. All of the above are true.